New semantic information which is associated with the product next-door neighbor into the the new lexicon cannot, to put it differently, include a requirements of gender; neighbors try obscure (or standard, otherwise unspecified) as to what measurement regarding intercourse
Polysemy ‘s the popular name into the disease in which a great lexical product has actually multiple meaning, including when late can indicate ‘following usual, asked, otherwise consented time’ (I am late again), ‘state-of-the-art within the big date or night’ (a later part of the restaurants), otherwise ‘no further alive’ (my personal later aunt Polly). Terminologically talking, polysemy needs to be contrasted which have homonymy and you can, more importantly, vagueness. When a couple of (or higher) terms and conditions have the same profile, like bank (‘hill, elevation in the sea or river bed’) and you can financial (‘monetary institution’), they are homonyms; whereas polysemy refers to multiplicity away from meaning within this a single keyword, new multiplicity is sent over various terms and conditions when it comes to homonymy. As such, making a change between polysemy and you can homonymy boils down to determining whether or not our company is referring to you to therefore the exact same term otherwise which have a couple of variations. Brand new difference between vagueness and polysemy involves the matter-of if a specific piece of semantic info is part of the fundamental semantic build of one’s goods or is caused by an effective contextual (and therefore practical) requirements. For-instance, neighbors isn’t polysemous amongst the indication ‘men dweller second door’ and you may ‘girls dweller across the street,’ in the sense the utterance my personal neighbors try an effective municipal slave will not be seen as requiring disambiguation about manner in which she’s wise might (Would you imply ‘bright’ or ‘stylish’?).
To decide ranging from polysemy and you will vagueness, loads of evaluating would be invoked. The 3 fundamental of these will be after the. Very first, from a facts-theoretical views, a good lexical product was polysemous whether it can be on top of that getting obviously true and you will obviously untrue of the identical referent. As a result of the indication ‘harbor’ and you may ‘strengthened sweet wine regarding Portugal’ out of vent, the new polysemy of the items is generated from the phrases such as for example Sandeman is actually a port (within the a container), yet not a slot (with ships). It requirement essentially catches a great semantic intuition: are two perceptions out-of certain expression naturally sufficiently different thus to end up being considered incorporate and also the other not?
Especially, he’s based on acceptability judgments in the phrases containing several relevant occurrences of your items at issue (certainly one of and this matical relationships between both events demands the semantic name, the new resulting phrase could be an indicator on the polysemy off the item
Next, linguistic evaluating include syntactic in lieu of semantic intuitions. For instance, the new therefore-titled title attempt involves ‘identity-of-sense anaphora.’ Hence, at midnight the newest boat enacted the fresh vent, thereby performed brand new bartender is uncomfortable in the event the two lexical significance from port is at stake. Overlooking puns, it does merely signify the fresh vessel while the bartender exactly the same introduced the fresh new harbor, or conversely one each other gone a certain types of wines of that place to several other. A combined reading, where in actuality the earliest density from port refers to the harbor and the 2nd so you’re able to wines, is normally omitted. In comparison, the reality that brand new impression ‘antique sweet wines away from Portugal’ and you can ‘combined sweet wine regarding Portugal’ will likely be mutual during the Antique Noval is actually a port, thereby is actually blended Sandeman indicates that port is obscure alternatively than just polysemous for the difference between combined and vintage wine.
Third, the definitional requirement specifies you to a product enjoys multiple lexical definition if there is zero minimally particular definition since the expansion of your own goods as a whole, and this has no a lot more lexical definitions than just you’ll find maximally general definitions must describe their expansion. Definitions of lexical situations should be maximally general in the same way which they is to protection once the highest an effective subset of your extension away from a product as you are able to. Ergo, separate meanings to own ‘combined sweet strengthened wines out-of Portugal’ and you may ‘vintage nice fortified drink regarding Portugal’ couldn’t be considered significance away from lexical significance, because they can end up being put together with her beneath the definition ‘nice strengthened drink out-of Portugal.’ As well, meanings will be minimally certain in the same manner which they would be to be adequate to recognize the thing from other nonsynonymous items. A good maximally general meaning coating one another vent ‘harbor’ dÄ›lá kenyancupid práce and you may vent ‘brand of wine’ according to the meaning ‘point, entity’ try omitted whilst does not take this new specificity away from vent as the distinct from almost every other conditions.